The Pennine Alps
The Pennine Alps are a mountain range situated in the western part of the Alps, straddling the border between Switzerland and Italy. This range is part of the broader Alpine System, known for its dramatic peaks and valleys, and it serves as a natural barrier between the regions of Valais in Switzerland and Aosta Valley in Italy.
Geography
The Pennine Alps are characterized by some of the highest peaks in the Alps, including:
- Monte Rosa - The highest peak in Switzerland and the second highest in the Alps at 4,634 meters.
- Matterhorn - An iconic peak known for its pyramid shape, standing at 4,478 meters.
- Dufourspitze - The highest summit of Monte Rosa.
The range is known for its extensive glacier coverage, with notable glaciers like:
History and Exploration
The exploration of the Pennine Alps began in earnest in the 19th century, with many of its peaks being summited for the first time during this period:
- The first ascent of Matterhorn was achieved by Edward Whymper and his party in 1865, although this ended in tragedy with four of the team dying on the descent.
- Monte Rosa was first summited by Matthias Zurbriggen in 1872.
These climbs were significant not only for mountaineering but also for the development of tourism in the region, leading to the establishment of mountain huts and routes for climbers and tourists alike.
Cultural and Economic Impact
The Pennine Alps have had a profound cultural and economic impact:
- Tourism: The region has become a major tourist destination, with towns like Zermatt and Aosta serving as bases for mountaineering, hiking, and winter sports.
- Agriculture: Despite the harsh conditions, traditional farming and herding practices still persist in the valleys.
- Conservation: The area includes several protected zones, emphasizing the importance of preserving its unique alpine environment.
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